Prostate cancer is a type of cancer that affects the prostate gland, which is located in the male reproductive system. It occurs when cells in the prostate grow and multiply abnormally and form tumors. Prostate cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in men, and its incidence increases with age.

Prostate cancer is typically diagnosed through a combination of medical tests, including a digital rectal exam (DRE), blood test (to measure prostate-specific antigen or PSA levels), and a biopsy (to examine tissue samples from the prostate). The biopsy can confirm the presence of cancer cells and help determine the stage and aggressiveness of the cancer. Additional tests, such as ultrasound, MRI, and bone scans, may also be performed to determine the extent of the cancer and help guide treatment decisions.