Frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, is a painful condition that affects the shoulder joint. It is characterized by stiffness and limited range of motion in the shoulder, which can greatly impact daily activities.

The condition occurs when the connective tissue that surrounds the shoulder joint, known as the shoulder capsule, thickens and tightens around the joint. This can cause adhesions, or scar tissue, to form, further limiting the shoulder's movement.

Frozen shoulder can occur as a result of injury or surgery, but in many cases, the cause is unknown. It typically affects individuals between the ages of 40 and 60 and is more common in women than men.

Signs and Symptoms

The most common symptoms of frozen shoulder include pain and stiffness in the shoulder joint. The pain may be constant or may worsen at night, making it difficult to sleep. The stiffness can be severe, making it challenging to perform daily activities that require the use of the affected arm.

There are three phases of frozen shoulder, each with its own set of symptoms:

1. Freezing Phase - The first phase is characterized by a gradual onset of pain and stiffness in the shoulder. This phase can last anywhere from a few weeks to several months.

2. Frozen Phase - During this phase, the stiffness in the shoulder becomes more severe, making it difficult to move the arm. This phase can last anywhere from 4 to 12 months.

3. Thawing Phase - The final phase is marked by a gradual improvement in range of motion and a reduction in pain. This phase can last anywhere from 6 months to 2 years.

Treatment Options

Treatment for frozen shoulder typically involves a combination of physical therapy and medication to manage pain and inflammation. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to release the adhesions in the shoulder capsule.

Physical therapy is an essential component of treatment, as it can help to improve range of motion in the shoulder joint. Your physical therapist will work with you to develop an individualized treatment plan that may include stretches, exercises, and other techniques to improve shoulder mobility.

Medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be prescribed to manage pain and inflammation. In some cases, corticosteroid injections may be given directly into the shoulder joint to help reduce inflammation.

Surgery is typically reserved for cases where other treatment options have failed. During the surgery, the adhesions in the shoulder capsule are released, allowing for improved range of motion.

Prevention Tips

While there is no surefire way to prevent frozen shoulder, there are some things you can do to reduce your risk:

1. Stay active - Regular exercise can help to maintain flexibility in the shoulder joint and prevent the development of scar tissue.

2. Avoid repetitive motions - Repeating the same shoulder movements over and over again can lead to overuse injuries that may contribute to frozen shoulder.

3. Seek treatment for shoulder injuries - If you injure your shoulder, seek prompt medical attention to prevent the development of scar tissue.

Conclusion

Frozen shoulder can be a painful and debilitating condition, but with proper treatment and prevention strategies, it can be effectively managed. If you are experiencing shoulder pain or stiffness, be sure to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the underlying cause and appropriate treatment plan.